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Home › Testicular Cancer: What To Look Out For
Testicular cancer, unlike most cancers, is more common in younger men and in fact is the second most common cancer in men aged between 18 to 39, with non-melanoma skin cancer being the most common.
There are 2 main types, called seminoma and teratoma with seminoma being the most common in younger men, usually in their 20’s.
There were 850 new cases of testicular cancer in Australia in 2016 and rate of diagnosis has increased by more than 50% in the last 30 years.
The good news is that testicular cancer is very treatable with the five-year survival rate being 98%. Sadly, it can claim lives and in 2018 34 men died from testicular cancer.
There may be none, but the most common symptom is a painless swelling or lump in a testicle.
Other symptoms may include
A doctor will examine the testicle to determine if the lump is in the main part (the testis) or the collecting system around it, called the epididymis, which is less worrying. Epididymal cysts are common here and almost always benign. If a lump is found within the body of the testis, or there is any doubt, your doctor will arrange an ultrasound examination and probably some blood tests.
The blood tests measure some hormones which are normally at very low levels and if raised are suggestive that something is wrong.
Your doctor will refer to a specialist, a urologist or urological surgeon, at this stage
The only definitive way to diagnose testicular cancer is to surgically remove the affected testis. Many other cancers can be diagnosed by biopsy – removing a small sample of the tissue for analysis first. However, cutting into a testicular carries the risk of spreading it to other parts of the body and so in suspicious cases the whole testicle must be removed by the surgeon (orchidectomy).
Treatment will depend on how far the cancer has spread but, in addition to orchidectomy, chemotherapy is often considered to treat any cells that may have spread elsewhere but are too small to detect. The good news is that testicular cancer is very chemo-sensitive, which means even in later stages the chance of putting it into remission is higher than other cancers.
Screening means conducting a test on people without symptoms to detect disease in an early and treatable stage and although we have some good screening programs for breast, cervical and bowel cancer, currently there is no way to screen Men for testicular cancer.
We also do not know of ways to prevent it occurring, but it is important for you report any new symptom as early as possible.
The best time for you to examine your testicles is during or after a bath or shower, when the skin of the scrotum is relaxed
Below is a guide published on the Movember Foundation website:
https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/testicular-cancer
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